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Joos van Cleve1485 – 1540
Northen Renaissance Netherlandish Painter
The Annunciation c. 1525 by Joos van Cleve
Joos van Cleve,
also called Joos van der Beke, lived and worked in Bruges and later in Antwerp. His complex religous
themed paintings quickly became
acclaimed for their expressive, graceful beauty and impeccable
technical precision. Joos van Cleve was also know for his distinctive
commissioned portraits. Admitted into the Guild of Saint Luke
of Antwerp early in his career. He
became one of the most important Northern Renaissance painters working
in Antwerp in the 15th Century. Author James Edward Parrott
descibes the city, "Antwerp, with its deep and convenient river,
stretched its arm to the ocean, and caught the golden prize as it fell
from its sister cities' grasp. No city except Paris surpassed
it
in population; none approached it in commercial splendour."
James
Edward Parrott further states "The city began to decline during the
reign of Philip II., who was King of Spain and master of the
Netherlands. In 1576 Spanish soldiers whose pay was in arrears broke
into mutiny, and stormed and sacked several of the richest towns of
Flanders, including Antwerp. Early in November of that year they
entered the city, burnt more than a thousand houses, slew more than
eight thousand citizens, plundered right and left, and behaved with the
utmost cruelty. Such was the "Spanish Fury," which still forms a
landmark in Flemish history. With the help of William of Orange,[159]
the Spaniards were driven out of Antwerp."
.
Key Words, People and Principal Phrases, Characteristics Related to the Northern Renaissance Art Movement - allegorical painting, rebirth, invention of oil painting, Hieronymus Bosch, Limbourg Brothers, Desiderius Erasmus, Robert Campin, Jan Van Eyck, Jean Fouquet, Albrecht Dürer, Johannes Gutenberg, Johann Reuchlin, Martin Luther, rise of the merchant class, world landscape, Low Countries, Protestant Reformation, Calvinisim, glazing, impasto, scriptorium, illuminator, invention of the printing press, woodcuts, engravings, Antwerp School, Guild of Saint Luke, commerce, Flemish School, Northern Europe, Antwerp School, Flanders, Bruges, renewed interest in classical learning, mythological scenes, genre painting, landscapes, portraits, moralizing overtones, human vices, lust, paradise, spirituality, piousness, living a simple life, reform, Human Reasoning, tradesmen at work, idyllic scenes of peasants, playing games, feasting, linear perspective, \Heliocentric Theory, humour, satire, spiritually significant, illuminated manuscript, idealized biblical themes, scriptorium, emotion, illuminator, iconoclast, Age of Discovery, Virgin and Child, axonometric drawing, curiosity about the natural world, realistic use of colours and light, Old Testament stories, Gospel parables, The Blackdeath, Christian symbolism
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