ROMANESQUE PERIOD
"in
the style of the Roman."
950-1250
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Romanesque
art, as a classic
technique, surfaced
around the year 950 and
persisted until about
1250. The style was
widespread in
France, Italy, Britain,
Scotland, Ireland,
Germany and the Austria.
According to art
historian Clara Erskine
Clement, "During the
Romanesque Period
(950-1250) architecture
was pursued according to
laws which had grown out
of the achievements and
experiences of earlier
ages, and had reached
such a perfection as
entitled it to the rank
of a noble art. But this
was not true of
painting, which was then
but little more than the
painting of the
Egyptians had been, that
is, a sort of
picture-writing, which
was principally used to
illustrate the doctrines
of religion, and by this
means to teach them to
peoples who had no
books, and could not
have read them had they
existed.
During all this time the
art of painting was
largely under the
control of the priests.
Some artists were
priests themselves, and
those who were not were
under the direction of
some church dignitary.
Popes, bishops, abbots,
and so on, were the
principal patrons of
art, and they suggested
to the artists the
subjects to be painted,
and then the pictures
were used for the
decoration of churches
and other buildings used
by the religious orders.
The monks were largely
occupied in
miniature-painting;
artists frequented the
monasteries, and,
indeed, when they were
engaged upon religious
subjects, they were
frequently under the
same discipline as that
of the monks themselves.
Next to the influence of
the church came that of
the court; but in a way
it was much the same,
for the clergy had great
influence at court, and,
although painting was
used to serve the luxury
of sovereigns and
nobles, it was also true
that these high
personages often
employed artists to
decorate chapels and to
paint altar-pieces for
churches at their
expense, for during the
Romanesque period there
was some painting on
panels. At first these
panel-pictures were
placed on the front of
the altar where
draperies had formerly
been used: later they
were raised above the
altar,and also put in
various parts of the
church. The painting of
the Romanesque period
was merely a decline,
and there can be little
more said of it than is
told by that one word.
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