Art from the Byzantine, Medieval and Renaissance period is rich in philosophical and spiritual symbolism. In a culture of restricted literacy symbolic imagery was vital in helping to spiritually enlighten the common folk. Narrative paintings, with their layer upon layer of symbolism, provided moral lessons to the common person. Narrative paintings through out Western history were used as guides in illuminating divine mysteries. Painters often referenced literature, such as Dante and Virgil, as well as the Bible. The lock and key are prominently featured among the many symbols used in narrative paintings.

Key in a lock - signifies that eternal life is available for those who open their heart and mind to Christ.

Key on a pillow -  symbolizes marital faith.

An unlocked lock - represents adulterous thoughts or actions

Figure holding a key - signifies holy, divine, sacred personage; represents the sanctified authority of the papacy and the Church's power to admit people into heaven.

A figure penetrated, pierced or stabbed by a key - symbolic of a wealthy person who hoards his material goods, by always safe-guarding them under lock and key.

Key lying beside a lock - symbol of free will.

Key lying on the floor - symbol of those who have surrendered to the fatal sin of greed. 

Keys mentioned in the Bible: "I will give unto thee the keys of the kingdom of heaven: and whatsoever thou shalt bind on earth shall be bound in heaven; and whatsoever thou shalt loose on earth shall be loosed in heaven." -- Matthew 16:19
 

 symbols in art

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